Mô tả

Valves and control valves of various designs and applications are encountered nowadays throughout refining, petrochemical and process industries as well as in power generation and environmental engineering.

This 12H masterclass is designed to provide you with a complete understanding of construction details and functioning of :

  1. Valves (gate, globe, ball, plug, butterfly, diaphragm, needle, check, piston, pinch...)

  2. Control valves (two-port, three-port)

  3. Valve actuators (diaphragm, piston, rack and pinion, scotch yoke...)

  4. Valve positioners

  5. Safety and Pressure Relief Valves

  6. Steam traps (float, thermostatic, thermodynamic, inverted bucket...)

  7. Strainers (wye, basket...)

This understanding is a prerequisite for a successful operation of your plant and piping system.

This 12H masterclass includes extensive graphics, 3D animations and cross-sectional views to give you a virtual practical exposure on valves.

The masterclass is organized into 4 parts :

  • Part I : Valves

  • Part II : Control Valves, actuators and positioners

  • Part III : Sizing and Selection

  • Part IV : Valves in engineering drawings

In Part I, you will :

  • Discover the major types of valves used in the process industry

  • Learn their components, their function & their operation

  • Have the opportunity to dismantle many valves and assemble them using 3D models, cross-sectional views and 3D animations

In Part II, you will find valuable insights into the working principles and construction details of the following equipment:

  • Control valves (sliding stem and rotary / fast opening, linear and equal percentage)

  • Mixing and diverting 3-port control valves

  • Diaphragm actuators ("air-to-push-up" and "air-to-push-down")

  • Piston actuators (Single Acting and Double Acting / Fail Open (FO) and Fail Closed (FC))

  • Rack-and-pinion actuators (Single Acting and Double Acting / Fail Open (FO) and Fail Closed (FC))

  • Scotch Yoke actuators (Single Acting and Double Acting / Fail Open (FO) and Fail Closed (FC))

  • Pneumatic positioners (force balance, motion balance)

  • Digital positioners

  • I/P converters

  • ...

The course then proceeds through a series of process examples and solved problems that require you to:

  • Dismantle and assemble various types of control valves and actuators using 3D and 2D models

  • Identify the net effect of various control valve/actuator assemblies (direct acting, reverse acting, fail open, fail close...)

  • Convert an actuator from Single Acting to Double Acting configuration and vice versa

  • Convert a control valve/actuator assembly from a Fail Closed (FC) to a Fail Open (FA) configuration and vice versa

  • Construct the installation curve for a control valve

  • Determine flowrate and pressure drop through control valves for different valve lifts

  • Match the valve characteristics to the given application

  • Examine the effect of selecting a control valve larger than necessary

  • Examine the effect of differential pressure on the valve lift and actuator operation

  • Determine when a positioner should be fitted

  • ...

This will help you develop the necessary skills to ensure your process plant and piping systems run smoothly.

Part III Sizing & Selection is designed around a series of practical examples which we work through to a solution. This valuable part of the course is an essential guide to understanding the valve sizing procedure.

In this section, we will present a step-by-step sizing methodology. We will show you how to proceed in the sizing of a valve in the daily practice, how to determine the flow coefficient (Cv) when selecting a control valve size, how to predict the maximum flow rate that a selected valve will pass or how to determine the pressure differential that a selected valve will exhibit...

You will learn from our industrial experience what we wrongly calculated during project startup, debottlenecking and commissioning.

This should undoubtedly help you minimize the mistakes in the sizing and selection of your valves.

Included in this course is access to a valuable Valve Sizing Excel Spreadsheet. This tool will help you perform all the calculations that we will discuss further ahead in the course. It has all the sizing equations, numerical constants and other parameters built right in.

Next in Part IV, we will introduce you to valve symbols and valve representations in engineering drawings, such as Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs').

Standards and conventions that apply to valves and their accessories will be discussed in details. You will learn how valve status and valve failure modes are depicted in engineering drawings.


Lastly, we have included in this masterclass a technical quiz (500+ questions) to help you test your knowledge and emphasize the key learning points.

The quiz includes:

  • True/False questions

  • Multi-choice questions

  • Images, cross-sectional views

  • Solved problems

  • And much more...

So when you think you’ve got a good grasp on a topic within the course, you can test your knowledge by taking the quiz. If you pass, wonderful ! If not, you can review the videos and notes again or ask us for help in the Q&A section.

We promise you that even though this is a technical course, you can watch it easily, without pain, but with comprehension, and that after completing it, you won't be an experienced design engineer or instrument technician but you will be prepared to become one if that is what you like and persist to be.

Thank you again for your interest in our online courses. It is a privilege to serve you and make sure that you're learning valuable information with us.

WR Training

Spread the wings of your knowledge

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ABOUT THE VALVE SIZING SPREADSHEET

The Valve Sizing Excel Spreadsheet provides well organized technical data in form of spreadsheet calculations indispensible for anyone involved in the sizing of valves. It presents formulae and data for :

  1. Valve flow coefficients Cv

  2. Flow of fluids through valves

  3. Pressure drop through valves and attached fittings

  4. Valve Reynolds Number calculations

  5. Predicting maximum flow through valves in choked conditions

  6. Representative values of valve capacity factors

  7. And much more...

The spreadsheet includes two worksheets :

  1. Sizing for liquids (incompressible fluids)

    • Non vaporizing flow conditions

    • Choked flow conditions

  2. Sizing for vapors and gases (compressible fluids)

INSTRUCTION TO DOWNLOAD THE VALVE SIZING SPREADSHEET

1. Upon enrolling in, expand the last section "DOWNLOADABLE RESOURCES"

2. Under the lecture "Download me", click on the folder "Resources" => A list of downloadable files will appear

3. Click on the "Valve Sizing Spreadsheet" file

4. A download window will pop-up. Select the location where you want to save the Excel file

5. Once downloaded and saved on your computer, you can start using this valuable Workbook

IMPORTANT NOTES : VALVE SIZING SPREADSHEET

  1. We assume that Microsoft Excel is installed on your computer and that you have basic knowledge of using Excel

  2. The Valve Sizing Excel Spreadsheet includes Visual Basic for Application function subroutines (VBA). Macros must be enabled for them to work

DISCLAIMER

The Valve Sizing Excel Spreadsheet is provided by WR Training "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the Copyright owner or contributors be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services, loss of use, data, or profits, or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this spreadsheet, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.

Bạn sẽ học được gì

Understand valves and control valves working principles for successful operation of your plant and piping systems

Understand valve construction details (bonnet, stem, disk, seat, packing, body, etc)

Know the characteristics and applications for each valve type (ball, plug, gate, pinch, butterfly, diaphragm, check, needle...)

Know how to choose the correct valve for a certain application

Know how to dismantle and assemble all types of valves using 3D and 2D models

Identify and know the principles of operation of common valve actuators (pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, etc)

Understand how single acting and double acting pneumatic actuators work through graphics and 3D animations

Understand the principle of fail open (FO) and fail close (FC) actuators

Know how to convert a single acting spring return actuator to a double acting actuator and vice versa

Know how to convert a fail close actuator to a fail open actuator and vice versa

Be more innovative in your solutions to valve and control valve problems

Have an organized approach to the procedure of valve sizing in accordance with the ANSI & ISA recommendations

Be able to size valves for any flow conditions likely to be found in a process plant

Have a general notion about the confidence to be placed in the sizing result conclusions

Understand safety valve manufacturers’ literature better and understand their jargon

Become more aware of the potential benefits and pitfalls of the currently available safety valve technology

Understand the concept of "Air-to-push-up" and Air-to-push-down"

Understand the concept of "direct-acting" and "reverse-acting"

Know how to convert a fail close actuator to a fail open actuator and vice versa

Understand the concept of valve flow coefficient "Cv" and familiarize yourself with the various units

Know how to determine flowrate and pressure drop through control valves for different valve lifts

Know how to match the valve characteristics to the process

Know how to construct the installation curve for a given control valve

Understand the effect of selecting a control valve larger than necessary

Understand the effect of differential pressure on the valve lift and actuator operation

Differentiate between fast opening, linear and equal percentage valve characteristics

Understand how valve positioners operate

Know the different types of valve positioners (P/P, I/P, force balance, motion balance, digital…)

Understand when a positioner should be fitted

Understand the working principles of I/P converters and how they are used in control valves

Put your knowledge to the test at the end of each section with a valuable technical quiz (500+ questions and solved problems)

Download our valuable Valve Sizing Excel Spreadsheet (included in this course free of charge)

Yêu cầu

  • Some engineering or field knowledge is preferable but not mandatory. All the concepts are explained in depth using an easy to understand language to allow students to build their knowledge from the ground up
  • Please note that the mathematics in this course is undemanding. All the work can be done with a hand-held calculator with powers, roots and log functions.
  • To further help you in this task, the course is accompanied with a Valve Sizing Spreadsheet. The Valve sizing spreadsheet will help you perform all the calculations that we will discuss further ahead in the course. It has all the sizing equations, numerical constants and other parameters built right into it.
  • We assume that Microsoft Excel is installed on your computer and that you have basic knowledge of using Excel.

Nội dung khoá học

23 sections

Valves functions and basic parts

12 lectures
Valves functions and basic parts: Learning objectives
00:54
Introduction
01:56
Valve body
02:13
Valve bonnet
01:44
Valve trim
01:24
Disk and seat
02:07
Stem
02:29
Valve actuator
01:04
Valve packing
01:39
Introduction to the types of valves
02:45
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
32 questions

Types of valves

68 lectures
Types of valves: Learning objectives
00:54
Gate valves
02:50
Gate valves : 3D dismantling
00:59
Gate valves : 2D dismantling
01:04
Gate valves : Disk design
06:59
Gate valves : Stem design
02:03
Gate valves : Seat design
01:55
Globe valves
03:31
Globe valves : 3D dismantling
00:57
Globe valves : 2D dismantling
01:04
Globe valves : Z-body design
01:13
Globe valves : Y-body design
02:00
Globe valves : Angle design
01:08
Globe valves : Disk design
01:26
Globe valves : Disk - Stem connections
00:30
Globe valves : Seat design
00:54
Globe valves : Direction of flow
01:04
Ball valves
01:07
Ball valves : Components
01:29
Ball valves : 3D dismantling
00:47
Ball valves : 2D dismantling
00:49
Ball valves : Actuators
00:53
Ball valves : Pros & Cons
00:52
Ball Valves : Port pattern
00:22
Ball valves : Valve materials
01:04
Ball valves : Stem design
00:56
Ball valves : Valve position
01:19
Plug valves
01:05
Plug valves : Valve components
00:57
Plug valves : 3D dismantling
00:43
Plug valves : 2D dismantling
00:45
Plug valves : Numerous designs
00:23
Plug valves : Plug designs
01:47
Plug valves : Multiport plug designs
03:35
Plug valves : Lubricated design
03:26
Plug valves : Non-Lubricated design
01:26
Plug valves : Gland design
01:21
Diaphragm valves
03:26
Diaphragm valves : 3D dismantling
00:55
Diaphragm valves : 2D dismantling
00:56
Diaphragm valves : Straight through & weir types
01:54
Diaphragm valves : Diaphragm construction
02:53
Diaphragm valves : Bonnet design
01:49
Pinch valves
02:41
Pinch valves : Body design
02:18
Butterfly valves
04:49
Butterfly valves : 3D dismantling
00:57
Butterfly valves : Seat design
01:28
Butterfly valves : Disk & Stem assembly
01:23
Needle valves
02:05
Needle valves : 3D dismantling
00:50
Needle valves : Valve applications
00:26
Needle valves : Body design
00:53
Needle valves : Stem packing
00:26
Check valves
00:55
Check valves : Swing
04:09
Swing check valves : 3D dismantling
00:38
Swing check valves : 2D dismantling
00:49
Assembling a swing check valve - 3D model
00:42
Tilting disk check valves
01:48
Lift check valves
02:29
Lift check valves : 3D dismantling
00:39
Lift check valves : 2D dismantling
00:45
Piston check valves
01:38
Butterfly check valves
03:00
Stop check valves
00:51
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
182 questions

Safety and Pressure Relief Valves - Design fundamentals

21 lectures
Pressure Relief Valves: Introduction
03:15
Types of devices
07:26
Useful terminologies
06:02
Relief and Safety valves
02:18
Safety valves
05:41
Safety valves : Pressure setting
02:31
Safety valves : 3D dismantling
01:31
Safety valves : 2D dismantling
01:33
Relief valves
03:18
Relief valves : Valve operation in 2D cross-sectional view
01:41
Relief valves : 3D dismantling
00:57
Relief valves : 2D dismantling
01:00
More on spring loaded design
05:08
More on spring loaded design : 3D animation
01:39
Material of construction
01:15
Back pressure considerations
06:49
Dynamic back pressure (built-up back pressure)
01:31
Seat leakage
02:04
Testing safety valves with air or nitrogen
08:41
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Test your knowledge
44 questions

Steam traps

7 lectures
Overview of steam traps
01:12
Floating traps
03:29
Thermostatic traps
03:51
Thermodynamic traps
04:49
Inverted bucket traps
05:26
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
13 questions

Strainers

5 lectures
Overview
00:44
Wye strainers
02:11
Basket strainers
02:03
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
3 questions

Control valves

7 lectures
Control valves overview
04:08
Control valves : Trim arrangement
01:27
Control valves : Direction of action
02:21
Control valves : 3D dismantling
01:32
Control valves : 2D dismantling
01:24
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
10 questions

General considerations

12 lectures
General considerations: Introduction
01:18
Two-port valves
06:01
Shut-off tightness
01:45
Balanced single seat
01:48
Slide valves - Spindle operated
02:14
Rotary valves
03:57
Options
02:35
Two-port valves summary
01:26
Three-port valves
07:03
Process examples of three-port valves
02:42
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
26 questions

Control valve capacity

5 lectures
Introduction
06:34
Valve flow coefficient Cv
01:26
Use of flow coefficient Cv for piping and components
02:44
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
8 questions

Control valve characteristics

14 lectures
Flow characteristics
04:37
Fast opening
01:24
Linear
00:43
Equal percentage
01:19
Example: Determining flowrate for different valve lifts
04:42
Matching the valve characteristic to the process
01:46
Example: A water circulating heating system
00:53
Example: A boiler water level control system
06:40
Example: Constructing the installation curve
02:33
Example: Comparing linear and equal percentage
10:25
Example: Temperature control of a steam application
15:41
Example: The effect of selecting a control valve larger than necessary
03:59
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
45 questions

Control valves, actuators and positioners for continuous control action

20 lectures
Introduction
01:40
Piston actuators
02:32
Piston actuators (double acting) - 3D animation
00:49
Piston actuators (single acting) - Dismantling
01:02
Diaphragm actuators
04:45
Actuator valve combinations
02:33
Effect of differential pressure on the valve lift
07:20
What are valve positioners ?
02:16
Force balance positioners
04:40
Motion balance positioners
02:15
Example of positioners
05:05
Positioners: What you should remember
01:44
Positioners: When should a positioner be fitted
01:15
P/P positioners
01:00
I/P positioners
01:23
About I/P converters
03:42
Digital positioners
03:21
Summary: Selecting a pneumatic valve and actuator
03:13
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
41 questions

Control valves, actuators and position indicators for On/Off control action

12 lectures
Pneumatic actuators
03:34
Example 1 : Single acting / spring return actuators : Components & Operation
01:28
Example 2 : Single acting / spring return actuators : Components & Operation
00:52
Example 3 : Double acting actuators : Components & Operation
01:21
Example 4 : Double acting actuators : Components & Operation
01:02
From single acting to double acting actuator
02:05
From Fail Close (FC) to Fail Open (FO) - Scotch Yoke actuators
01:11
From Fail Close (FC) to Fail Open (FO) - Rack and Pinion Actuators
02:54
Rack and Pinion vs Scotch Yoke
06:24
Valve position indication
02:29
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Test your knowledge
10 questions

Choices and selection

2 lectures
What type of valves should be installed ?
01:34
Test your knowledge
10 questions

Installation and commissioning

4 lectures
Control valves
06:33
Actuators
02:53
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Test your knowledge
14 questions

Valve sizing

3 lectures
Introduction to valve sizing
03:50
Before to start this part of the course
03:04
Valve Sizing Spreadsheet
05:40

Preliminaries

7 lectures
Scope
00:56
Introduction
02:37
Useful terminology
12:45
Pressure, Velocity and Energy profiles through valves
01:56
Cavitation, Choked Flow and Flashing
05:17
Before proceeding to the next section
00:29
Test your knowledge
27 questions

Valve sizing for incompressible fluids (liquids)

19 lectures
Non vaporizing liquids
01:54
Sizing equations for turbulent flow
01:51
Piping geometry factor Fp
04:57
EXAMPLE #1 : Sizing a valve for liquid propane
09:42
Sizing equations for non turbulent flow
05:27
More insights on non turbulent flow
02:06
Determining the required flow coefficient Cv
03:57
EXAMPLE #2 : Sizing a valve for a laminar flow
09:17
Predicting flow rate through valves
02:25
EXAMPLE #3 : Predicting flow rate through a valve for transient flow
06:29
Predicting pressure drop through valves
01:46
EXAMPLE #4 : Predicting pressure drop for laminar flow
04:44
Choked flow of vaporizing liquids
03:09
Liquid critical pressure ratio factor FF
01:50
Liquid pressure recovery factor FL (without fittings)
01:15
Combined liquid pressure recovery factor FLP (with fittings)
02:24
EXAMPLE #5 : Predicting maximum flow through a valve
04:07
Before proceeding to the next section
00:29
Test your knowledge
24 questions

Valve sizing for compressible fluids (vapors and gases)

10 lectures
Turbulent flow
02:03
Expansion factor
02:15
Choked flow
02:31
Pressure drop ratio factor (without fittings)
01:16
Pressure drop ratio factor (with fittings)
01:38
Ratio of specific heats factor
01:25
Compressibility factor
03:16
EXAMPLE #6 : Determining valve size and percent opening
12:56
Before proceeding to the next section
00:29
Test your knowledge
11 questions

Additional material (part 1/5) - Valve sizing for water systems

9 lectures
Sizing for water: Introduction
06:00
Pumps
01:07
Circulating system characteristics
03:00
Actual performance
01:03
Three-port valves
05:48
Two-port valves
07:35
Valve authority
03:06
Before proceeding to the next section
00:29
Test your knowledge
14 questions

Additional material (part 2/5) - Valve sizing for steam systems

20 lectures
Sizing for steam: Introduction
04:08
Saturated steam flow through a control valve
05:18
Critical pressure
08:02
Noise
03:31
Checking noise
06:22
Erosion
01:49
Sizing equations
07:11
The concept of "hunting"
02:31
The effect of "hunting" on a steam system
05:02
Sizing globe valves
07:11
Reminder
02:34
EXAMPLE #7 : Sizing a control valve for a steam heating application
11:09
Sizing on an arbitrary pressure drop
01:22
The higher the pressure drop the better ?
02:54
EXAMPLE #8 : Saturated steam for a critical pressure drop application
05:02
EXAMPLE #9 : Saturated steam for a NON-critical pressure drop application
01:25
EXAMPLE #10 : Finding the pressure drop across a control valve
01:15
EXAMPLE #11 : Superheated steam application
02:50
Before proceeding to the next section
00:29
Test your knowledge
18 questions

Additional material (part 3/5) - Flow of fluids through valves and fittings

18 lectures
About this section
00:14
Introduction
02:14
Types of valves used in piping systems
01:50
Types of fittings used in piping systems
01:05
Pressure drop attributed to valves and fittings
03:10
Relationship of pressure drop to velocity of flow
03:58
Hydraulic resistance
01:18
Causes of head loss in valves and fittings
01:20
Equivalent length "L/D"
01:22
Resistance coefficient "K"
02:31
Resistance coef. K for pipelines, valves and fittings in series and in parallel
02:06
Flow coefficient "Cv"
01:55
Use of flow coefficient "Cv" for piping and components
02:44
Flow coefficient Cv for pipelines, valves and fittings in series and in parallel
00:43
Valves with reduced seats
02:29
PRACTICE SESSION: Valve resistance coef. "K" using Flow of Fluids Excel Workbook
01:39
Discharge of fluids through valves, fittings and pipe
01:45
About the Flow of Fluids Excel Workbook
02:00

Additional material (part 4/5) - Regulating flow with control valves

11 lectures
About this section
00:14
Introduction
05:18
Valve components
02:15
Inherent characteristic curve
01:29
Installed characteristic curve
01:18
Pressure, Velocity and Energy profiles through a control valve
01:50
Cavitation, Choked Flow and Flashing
04:54
Sizing and selection
01:39
Sizing for INcompressible flow
07:17
Sizing for compressible flow
04:32
Conversion of Cv to Kv
00:22

Additional material (part 5/5) - Valve symbols used in engineering drawings

6 lectures
About this section
00:12
Learning objectives
02:43
Valve symbols
14:00
Valve actuator symbols
08:50
Control valve designations
01:37
Standards and conventions for valve status
07:00

Downloadable resources

2 lectures
Download me
00:34
Bonus
01:10

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