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Welcome to this 16 hour masterclass on process control and instrumentation.

This valuable masterclass is organized into 6 parts :

  • Part 1: Process Control and PID* Controllers

  • Part 2: The Final Control Element - Control Valves, Actuators and Positioners

  • Part 3: Practical Examples of Temperature, Pressure, Flow and Level Controls

  • Part 4: Practical Examples of Process Equipment Controls (Heat Exchangers, Pumps, Compressors, Reactors, Piping Systems…)

  • Part 5: Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), Interlocks and Alarms

  • Part 6: Instrument Devices For Temperature, Pressure, Flow and Level Measurement

Part 1 is an essential guide to a complete understanding of process control principles and PID* controllers design and tuning. In this first module, we will break down for you all the process control principles into easily digestible concepts, like feedback controls, open loops, split range controls, self-acting controls... Useful reference data, technical recommendations, field observations and numerous process control schemes are presented in an-easy-to-understand format. This module also cautions the process control engineer that the performance of a properly designed process control system can be severely compromised when used in conjunction with incorrect PID* controller settings. In this regard, PID* controller tuning guidelines and their rationale according to the Ziegler Nicholls method are offered to ensure optimum performance. Typical tuning examples have been included to assist you in understanding how specific formulae are applied.

Part 2 focuses on the final control element of any process control system, that is the valve-actuator-positioner assembly. In this second module, you will find valuable insights into the working principles and construction details of the following control elements:

  • Control valves (sliding stem and rotary / fast opening, linear and equal percentage)

  • Mixing and diverting 3-port control valves

  • Diaphragm actuators ("air-to-push-up" and "air-to-push-down")

  • Piston actuators (Single Acting and Double Acting / Fail Open (FO) and Fail Closed (FC))

  • Rack-and-pinion actuators (Single Acting and Double Acting / Fail Open (FO) and Fail Closed (FC))

  • Scotch Yoke actuators (Single Acting and Double Acting / Fail Open (FO) and Fail Closed (FC))

  • Pneumatic positioners (force balance, motion balance)

  • Digital positioners

  • I/P converters

  • ...

The module then proceeds through a series of process examples and solved problems that require you to:

  • Dismantle and assemble various types of control valves and actuators using 3D and 2D models

  • Identify the net effect of various control valve/actuator assemblies (direct acting, reverse acting, fail open, fail close...)

  • Convert an actuator from Single Acting to Double Acting configuration and vice versa

  • Convert a control valve/actuator assembly from a Fail Closed (FC) to a Fail Open (FA) configuration and vice versa

  • Construct the installation curve for a control valve

  • Determine flowrate and pressure drop through control valves for different valve lifts

  • Match the valve characteristics to the given application

  • Examine the effect of selecting a control valve larger than necessary

  • Examine the effect of differential pressure on the valve lift and actuator operation

  • Determine when a positioner should be fitted

  • ...

This will help you develop the necessary skills to ensure your process control systems run smoothly.

Part 3 focuses on fluid properties control. This module identifies different ways in which precise control of temperature, pressure, flow and level is ensured. It provides real industrial examples of process control loops and the keys to interpret them in high quality video lectures. Both self-acting and modulating types of control are discussed in exquisite details.

Part 4 introduces you to advanced process control in process industries. It identifies different ways in which precise control is ensured for the main process equipment such as chemical reactors, pumps, compressors, fired heaters and heat exchangers just to name a few. The numerous examples outlined in this module are taken from petroleum refineries, chemical and steam boiler plants, making the knowledge gained in this section extremely valuable to practicing engineers and technicians.

Part 5 discusses the important concepts of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), Alarm Systems and Interlocks. It presents their anatomy, their requirement, their functions and how they are represented in engineering drawings such as Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams.

Part 6 illustrates through 3D animations and cross-sectional views the main control instrument devices to measure temperature, pressure, flow and level. These instruments include thermocouples, RTDs’, Bourdon tube pressure gauges, Coriolis flowmeters, level radars and capillary systems just to name a few...

As you proceed through the masterclass, answer the 400+ question quiz to test your knowledge and emphasize the key learning points.

The quiz includes:

  • True/False questions

  • Multi-choice questions

  • Images, cross-sectional views

  • Solved problems

  • And much more...

You have our promise that at after completing this masterclass, you will be an advanced process control professional, you won’t be a process control expert but you will be prepared to become one if that is what you want and persist to be. In fact, the knowledge that you will gain will help you understand all process control loops, instrumentations and safety systems so that you can draw the correct information from them. This will set you apart from your peers, whether you are a graduate student, a practicing engineer or a manager, and will give you an edge over your competitors when seeking employment at industrial facilities.

So with no further ado, check out the free preview videos and the curriculum of the course and we look forward to seeing you in the first section.

Hope to see you there

WR Training

Spread the wings of your knowledge


-----------------------

* When PID is mentioned, it is with reference to Proportional (P), Integral (I) and Derivative (D) control actions


Safety note

Sizing, selection, installation and tuning of process control systems (control valves, actuators, controllers, sensors, wiring...) should not be based on arbitrarily assumed conditions or incomplete information. Merely having a control system does not make a process safe or reliable. Now, while it is obviously impossible to address every installation mistake ever made, we have included a valuable summary of the most frequent installation mistakes encountered in the field. We are confident that this valuable masterclass will help you contribute to the safety of your facility, your fellow workers and yourself.

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32 sections

About the masterclass

1 lectures
Masterclass introduction
07:38

Introduction to controls

11 lectures
Introduction to controls
03:17
Do we need to control at all ?
01:46
Control terminology
05:13
Elements of automatic control
02:40
Assessing Safety Stability & Accuracy
00:53
Summary of terminology
03:53
Elements of a temperature control system
02:23
Automatic process control
01:13
Components of an automatic control
02:33
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
12 questions

Basic control theory

21 lectures
Modes of control
02:04
On/Off control
09:01
Continuous control
01:26
Proportional control (P)
08:14
Proportional temperature control example
06:18
The concept of gain
08:42
Reverse vs direct acting control signal
02:05
Industrial Example - The FOXBORO 43AP Pneumatic Indicating Controller
10:58
Gain line offset - Proportional effect
02:53
Manual reset
01:50
Integral control (I): Auto reset action
04:47
Integral control (I): Overshoot and wind-up
03:29
Derivative control (D)
02:45
Summary of modes of control: P / PI / PD / PID
03:07
Time constant
02:38
Hunting
02:31
Practical Example: The effect of hunting on a steam system
05:02
Lag
01:07
Rangeability
02:18
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
66 questions

Control loops

14 lectures
Introduction
00:28
Control loops
00:22
Open loop controls
03:21
Closed loop controls
00:50
Feedback control
01:10
Feed-forward control
01:20
Single loop control
01:38
Multi-loop control
02:01
Cascade control
02:24
Ratio control
02:44
Split range control
03:46
Operations on control signals
02:01
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
28 questions

Introduction to process dynamics

4 lectures
Introduction
04:24
Process reactions
03:45
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
5 questions

Choices and selection of process controls

12 lectures
Introduction to choices and selection of process controls
00:46
Application
03:28
Self-acting controls
01:33
Pneumatic controls
02:04
Electric controls
01:30
Electropneumatic controls
01:36
What you should remember
02:21
What type of controls should be installed ?
02:10
What type of valves should be installed ?
01:34
Controllers
04:13
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
25 questions

Installation and commissioning of process controls

10 lectures
Valves
06:33
Actuators and sensors
02:53
Power and signal lines
01:13
Electrical wiring
01:16
Controllers
03:29
Setting up a controller: The Ziegler-Nicholls method
05:00
Bumpless transfer
02:32
Self-tuning controllers
01:43
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
28 questions

Computers in process control

6 lectures
Introduction
01:23
History
10:16
More on Fieldbus
01:49
Benefits of Fieldbus
04:59
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
6 questions

Control valve functions and basic parts

11 lectures
Learning objectives
00:54
Introduction
01:56
Valve body
02:13
Valve bonnet
01:44
Trim
01:24
Plug and seat
02:07
Stem
02:29
Actuator
01:04
Packing
01:39
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
29 questions

Control valve configurations

7 lectures
Control valves
04:08
Trim arrangement
01:27
Direction of action
02:21
Control valve 3D dismantling
01:32
Control valve 2D dismantling
01:24
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
10 questions

General considerations

12 lectures
Introduction
01:18
Two-port valves
06:01
Shut-off tightness
01:45
Balanced single seat
01:48
Slide valves - Spindle operated
02:14
Rotary valves
03:57
Options
02:35
Two-port valves summary
01:26
Three-port valves
07:03
Process examples of three-port valves
02:42
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
28 questions

Control valve capacity

5 lectures
Introduction
06:34
Valve flow coefficient Cv
01:26
Use of flow coefficient Cv for piping and components
02:44
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
8 questions

Control valve characteristics

14 lectures
Flow characteristics
04:37
Fast opening
01:24
Linear
00:43
Equal percentage
01:19
Example: Determining flowrate for different valve lifts
04:42
Matching the valve characteristic to the process
01:46
Example: A water circulating heating system
00:53
Example: A boiler water level control system
06:40
Example: Constructing the installation curve
02:33
Example: Comparing linear and equal percentage
10:25
Example: Temperature control of a steam application
15:41
Example: The effect of selecting a control valve larger than necessary
03:59
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
45 questions

Control valve sizing for water systems

9 lectures
Introduction
06:00
Pumps
01:07
Circulating system characteristics
03:00
Actual performance
01:03
Three-port valves
05:48
Two-port valves
07:35
Valve authority
03:06
Before proceeding to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
14 questions

Control valve sizing for steam systems

20 lectures
Introduction
04:08
Saturated steam flow through a control valve
05:18
Critical pressure
08:02
Noise
03:31
Checking noise
06:22
Erosion
01:49
Sizing equations
07:11
The concept of "hunting"
02:31
The effect of "hunting" on a steam system
05:02
Sizing globe valves
02:04
Reminder
02:34
EXAMPLE: Sizing a control valve for a steam heating application
11:09
Sizing on an arbitrary pressure drop
01:22
The higher the pressure drop the better ?
02:54
EXAMPLE: Saturated steam for a critical pressure drop application
05:02
EXAMPLE: Saturated steam for a NON-critical pressure drop application
01:25
EXAMPLE: Finding the pressure drop across a control valve
01:15
EXAMPLE: Superheated steam application
02:50
Before proceeding to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
17 questions

Control valve actuators and positioners for a continuous control action

20 lectures
Introduction
01:40
Piston actuators
02:32
Piston actuators (double acting) - 3D animation
00:49
Piston actuators (single acting) - Dismantling
01:02
Diaphragm actuators
04:45
Actuator valve combinations
02:33
Effect of differential pressure on the valve lift
07:20
What are valve positioners ?
02:16
Force balance positioners
04:40
Motion balance positioners
02:15
Example of positioners
05:05
Positioners: What you should remember
01:44
Positioners: When should a positioner be fitted
01:15
P/P positioners
01:00
I/P positioners
01:23
About I/P converters
03:42
Digital positioners
03:21
Summary: Selecting a pneumatic valve and actuator
03:13
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
40 questions

Control valve actuators and position indicators for an ON/OFF control action

12 lectures
Pneumatic actuators
03:34
Example 1 : Single acting / spring return actuators : Components & Operation
01:28
Example 2 : Single acting / spring return actuators : Components & Operation
00:52
Example 3 : Double acting actuators : Components & Operation
01:21
Example 4 : Double acting actuators : Components & Operation
01:02
From single acting to double acting actuator
02:05
From Fail Close (FC) to Fail Open (FO) - Scotch Yoke actuators
01:11
From Fail Close (FC) to Fail Open (FO) - Rack and Pinion Actuators
02:54
Rack and Pinion vs Scotch Yoke
06:24
Valve position indication
02:29
Before you proceed to the next section
01:17
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
9 questions

Controllers and Sensors

10 lectures
Controllers
06:50
Sensors
03:06
Filled system sensors
02:35
Resistance Temperature Detectors RTDs'
02:26
Thermistors
01:32
Thermocouples
03:58
Electrical communication signals
03:52
Digital addressing
02:13
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
24 questions

Self-acting temperature controls

12 lectures
Principles of operation
06:18
Vapor tension systems
05:14
Liquid self-acting temp. control valves
01:37
Required force for actuation
02:42
Bellows balanced valves
01:44
Double-seated control valves
02:15
Three-port control valve
01:42
Typical examples
02:59
Ancillaries
02:03
Environments and applications
01:05
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
12 questions

Self-acting pressure controls

9 lectures
Why reduce fluid pressure?
02:41
Direct acting control valves
06:32
Pilot operated control valves
05:38
Selection and installation
04:46
Summary of pressure reducing valves
01:07
Pressure maintaining valves
02:56
Pressure surplussing valves
02:06
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
6 questions

Examples of pressure control systems

16 lectures
Introduction to pressure control systems
01:34
Self-acting pressure reducing valves: Bellows type
04:27
Self-acting pressure reducing valves: Diaphragm type
02:29
Self-acting pressure reducing valves: Pilot-operated
03:27
Pneumatic pressure reduction
03:11
Electropneumatic pressure reduction
02:51
Electric pressure reduction
01:35
Series and parallel pressure reduction
05:43
Pressure reduction example: Steam desuperheater
03:44
Controlling pressure to control temperature
03:16
Differential pressure control
01:12
Surplussing control
01:25
Cascade pressure control: Example #1
03:39
Cascade pressure control: Example #2
02:33
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
6 questions

Examples of temperature control systems

11 lectures
Introduction
01:17
Why control temperature
02:06
Self-acting temperature control
04:17
Pilot-operated temperature control
01:53
Pneumatic temperature control
02:43
Electropneumatic temperature control
01:18
Electric temperature control
01:37
Parallel temperature control
02:10
High temperature fail safe control
02:52
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
4 questions

Examples of level control systems

7 lectures
Introduction
05:59
Methods of achieving level control
04:26
Non-adjustable On/Off control
03:11
Adjustable On/Off level control
01:28
Modulating level control
02:01
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
2 questions

Examples of flow control systems

6 lectures
Introduction
01:00
Flow control system
02:12
Supply pressure variation
02:44
Using mass flowmeter differential pressure transmitter
03:06
Before proceeding to the next section
00:30
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
4 questions

Control systems installation

8 lectures
Sensors
02:55
Controllers
00:42
Valves and actuators
02:01
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
03:44
Installation best practices to limit RFI
02:27
Electrical protection standards
02:47
Explosion protected electrical equipment
03:23
Section Quiz : Test Your Knowledge
4 questions

Miscellaneous process control examples from refineries and chemical plants

30 lectures
Learning objectives
01:03
Why do we need to control ?
01:03
How to control ?
09:42
Pipe control: Example #1
01:52
Pipe control: Example #2
02:03
Pipe control: Example #3
02:30
Pipe control: Example #4
03:36
Flow control: Example #1
08:17
Flow control: Example #2
05:25
Pump control: Example #1
04:07
Pump control: Example #2
02:41
Pump control: Example #3
08:55
Pump control: Example #4
01:47
Pump control: Example #5
02:41
Pump control: Example #6
01:15
Pump control: Example #7
01:12
Compressor control: Example #1
01:35
Compressor control: Example #2
11:46
Compressor control: Example #3
02:53
Heat transfer equipment control: Example #1
02:06
Heat transfer equipment control: Example #2
03:54
Heat transfer equipment control: Example #3
04:26
Heat transfer equipment control: Example #4
02:28
Heat transfer equipment control: Example #5
01:17
Heat transfer equipment control: Example #6
02:09
Chemical reactor temperature control
06:10
Fired heater control: Example #1
07:30
Fired heater control: Example #2
04:47
Container and vessel control: Example #1
06:41
Container and vessel control: Example #2
02:28

Safety Instrumeneted Systems, Interlocks and Alarms

26 lectures
Learning objectives
01:58
Safety strategies
01:21
Concepts of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS)
01:17
SIS actions and types
13:55
SIS extent
02:10
SIS requirements
02:31
Anatomy of SIS
02:12
SIS element symbols
00:30
SIS primary elements sensors
03:03
SIS final elements
04:28
Switching valve actuator arrangements
02:03
Valve position validation
01:52
Merging switching and control valves
02:48
SIS logic
00:26
Showing safety instrumented functions on P&IDs
07:16
Discrete control
04:31
Alarm systems
01:29
Anatomy of alarm systems
02:29
Alarm requirements
06:14
Alarm system symbology
05:55
Concept of common alarms
01:13
Fire and Gas Detection Systems (FGS)
03:10
Electric motor controls
07:12
Electric motor controls 2/3
04:42
Electric motor 3/3
04:46
A typical example of an electric motor control system
03:30

A couple of comments

1 lectures
Before you proceed to process instrumentation sections
00:38

How process instruments work: Temperature measurement

5 lectures
Introduction
00:47
Local indicators
02:08
Bulb instruments for remote transmission
01:04
Thermocouples
03:49
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)
02:19

How process instruments work: Pressure measurement

6 lectures
Hydrostatic manometers
02:00
Bourdon tube pressure gauges
00:46
Bellows pressure gauges
00:41
Strain pressure gauges
00:44
Piezoelectric pressure gauges
00:35
Capacitive pressure gauges
01:07

How process instruments work: Flow measurement

8 lectures
Orifice, Nozzles & Venturi tubes
07:04
Pitot tubes
04:21
Annular probes
00:52
Rotameters
02:01
Vortex flowmeters
03:49
Ultrasound flowmeters
03:38
Electromagnetic flowmeters
03:23
Coriolis mass flowmeters
04:04

How process instruments work: Level measurement

14 lectures
Introduction
02:04
Glass level gauges
02:27
Float level gauges
01:10
Float switches
00:55
Reed chain float sensors
00:49
Magnetic level gauges
01:49
Hydrostatic level gauges
03:19
Bubble tubes
02:46
Optoelectronic switches
01:06
Capillary systems
00:28
Ultarsonic sensors
00:52
Radars
02:02
Radiometric sensors
04:38
Bonus
01:10

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